The Relationship Between Structure Mentoring Programs

The issue of new alumni nurture maintenance stays a test in numerous human services offices. Over half of new alumni attendants leave their first work in under a year (North, Johnson, Knotts and Whelan 2006). Since newcomers are frequently confronted with an assortment of stressors in their starting practice plainly an organized coaching system could be of massive worth. Such a program would offer specialized and enthusiastic help to medical attendants thus slide their progress into the unit culture. This article gives a basic audit of the writing on tutoring, particularly the effect that organized coaching programs have on the consistency standards of new alumni medical caretakers. In the primary segment I will investigate the idea of mentorship inside the nursing discipline. I will talk about the elements of a formal tutoring program and the main attributes of the coach: mentee relationship. In the second area I will give a basic audit of the writing concerning the connection between tutoring programs and expanded medical caretaker standards for dependability. The third area investigates normal entanglements that subsume in a useless coaching program. At long last suggestions to associations are proposed dependent on the audit discoveries. Presentation Graduating from a nursing school is an extensive accomplishment. New alumni anxiously envision their first situation in the ‘real world’. The issue anyway of new alumni nurture maintenance keeps on being a grave worry in numerous social insurance offices. It was accounted for that over half of new alumni medical attendants leave their first work in under a year (North, Johnson, Knotts and Whelan 2006). Newcomers are regularly confronted with an assortment of stressors related with starting practice. It is clear along these lines, that an organized tutoring program which offers specialized and passionate help to new medical caretakers might be a standout amongst other maintenance methodologies for nurture heads. This article gives a basic audit of the writing on coaching, with an accentuation on the effect that organized tutoring programs have on nursing consistency standards. The principal area sets up coaching ideas and procedures as distinguished in the writing. The subsequent area will give a basic eview of the writing on the connection between organized coaching programs and the nursing standard for dependability. The third segment investigates normal traps that subsume in a useless coaching program. The last segment makes suggestions to associations with respect to a fruitful tutoring program. Importance New medical attendant alumni have numerous work choices. They can decide not to work in settings where they are not bolstered and regularly they take that choice. Normal subjects rising up out of the writing show that numerous new medical attendants need both certainty and a feeling of skill (Oermann and Garvin 2002). They fear committing errors; they gripe of an unsupportive domain; and of being obliged to work with ‘difficult’ associates (Oermann and Garvin 2002). An absence of acknowledgment of their work just as troublesome move work plans have likewise been recognized as wellsprings of misery (McVicar 2003). One out of each three medical caretakers under 30 years intends to leave during their first year of work (Nelson, Godfrey and Purdy 2004). The expense of such elevated levels of pointless medical caretaker turnover is huge (Halfer, Graf and Sullivan 2008). All the more fundamentally the subsequent shortfall of nursing staff unavoidably influences the nature of patient consideration in medical clinics and can bargain understanding security (Leners, Wilson, Connor and Fenton 2006). Because of the basic issue of nursing maintenance, emergency clinic administrations have been encouraged to address the issue by building up a progressively amicable workplace. In any case, it is perceptible that tutoring activities are as yet not coordinated into numerous medicinal services associations, regardless of a plenty of writing relating this with positive results. Writing search Relevant investigations were recognized via looking through the accompanying electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid and ProQuest. The catchphrases or their blends have been used in the looking through procedure. These include: mentorship, preceptorship, new alumni medical attendants, faculty maintenance, and work force enlistment. Other writing was recognized through looking through the lists of sources of studies found through electronic quests, including the World Wide Web, Google Scholar and library information frameworks. Incorporation measures included conversation/sentiment papers and articles/materials written in English. There were no specific control limitations and there were additionally no particular date limitations. Articles that were distributed after 1999 were looked for. The recovered articles were inspected and chosen dependent on these models: the connection between formal coaching projects and work force maintenance; advantages of tutoring; new alumni progress; and potential entanglements of coaching. Writing survey What is coaching? There is a considerable group of writing which manages coaching and preceptoring as discrete capacities (Block, Claffey, Korow and McCaffrey 2005; Kelly 1994). Until now be that as it may, the two terms keep on being utilized reciprocally or equivalently (Block et al. 2005). It is helpful to draw a few differentiations between them. Preceptorship is comprehended as a sorted out direction program in which the medical caretaker preceptor encourages the reconciliation of new staff into job obligations in the clinical setting for a restricted timeframe (Greene and Puetzer 2002). This relationship is frequently seen as uneven and male centric (Leners et al. 006). Interestingly, mentorship is a corresponding relationship built up between two medical attendants â€Å"on the premise of regard and perfect character with the shared objective of managing the medical caretaker toward individual and expert growth† (Block et al. 2005:134). The relationship frequently happens over an any longer period, contingent upon whether the settled upon objectives have been accomplished (Andrews and Wallis 1999). Expressed essentially, the highlights of mentorship as unmistakable from other supporting jobs in clinical settings incorporate a solid collection of assistant capacities, equal sharing and a generally longer term (Morton-Cooper and Palmer 2000). Attributes of the relationship Mentorship principally includes a guide and a mentee in a balanced relationship (Latham, Hogan and Ringl 2008). This relationship is portrayed by a procedure of empowering, developing, and engaging a less experienced specialist inside the workplace (Morton-Cooper and Palmer 2000). In this longitudinal relationship, the two guides and mentees accept their own obligations and commitments in accomplishing either hierarchical or individual objectives (Latham et al. 2008). In this relationship, a coach is perceived as a savvier and increasingly experienced specialist, who has certain ‘personal’ and ‘professional’ qualities, for example, great relational aptitudes, self-assurance, adaptability, information, and an enthusiasm for proficient development (Kane-Urrabazo 2006:193; Andrews and Wallis 1999:204; Morton-Cooper and Palmer 2000). Individual qualities that have been recognized as significant components to progress likewise incorporate great listening aptitudes, the capacity to encourage learning and being agreeable in giving criticism (Sherrod, Roberts and Little 2008; Woodrow 1994). The writing alludes to the medical caretaker being guided as a ‘mentee’, ‘protege’, ‘learner’, or ‘mentoree’ (Zucker, Coss, Williams, Bloodworth, Lynn, Denker and Gibbs 2006; Hunter 2002). Alluded to here basically as â€Å"the mentee† she or he can be any medical caretaker at an unmistakable phase of his/her calling (Leners et al. 2006). The attributes of a mentee that permit an utilitarian mentorship to prosper incorporate trustworthiness; the ability to assume liability; being prepared and accessible for input; finishing on choices, having a solid self-personality and a readiness to learn (Wagner and Seymour 2007; Sherrod et al. 008). Organized coaching program Various structures of formal tutoring programs are accessible across establishments (Latham et al. 2008). Extensively, the structure of a tutoring program contains a few phases of vital arranging (Latham et al. 2008). At first the attention is on: setting up goals and quantifiable results, job depiction for guides and mentees, foundation of standards for contribution in mentorship and the development of a steady framework and an observation arrangement of the coach mentee group (Latham et al. 2008). Those gatherings who are associated with this proper relationship are required to satisfy pre-decided points, targets and results as distinguished by their separate supporting associations (McCloughen, O'Brien and Jackson 2006). The second stage where the program is executed includes the determination of appropriate tutors, the enrollment of mentees, (on both an intentional or automatic premise) and guide arrangement (Latham et al. 2008). Last stages incorporate an assessment through reflection and criticism by coaches and mentees, to decide if explicit destinations and quantifiable results have been accomplished (Latham et al. 008). The program term may most recent one year or much more (Morton-Cooper and Palmer 2000). Organized coaching projects and maintenance achievement In this meeting, a few issues in regards to organized tutoring system and maintenance achievement will be tended to. In the first place, we should ask what tutoring capacities are imperative to maintenance achievement? Second: to what degree or how does tutoring add to the maintenance of new alumni attendants? Every one of these inquiries is considered in the accompanying area. Advantages of tutoring programs Tutoring has been appeared to give a gainful impact on a proteges’ work fulfillment levels a

Black Pillow by Frank Moore

Dark Pillow 2002 by Frank Moore is determined to a cornfield during sunlight. Out of sight of the canvas there is a huge production line with certain plants and butterflies. The edge of this fine art has a yellow outskirt and parts of this canvas are likewise softly loaded up with the shading yellow also. On the left half of the canvas, there is a rancher in overalls that doesn't appear as though he thinks about what he is doing, siphoning gas into the foundations of the cornfield as he scowls into space.One the base of the canvas you can discover the fuel spilling everywhere throughout the pad of the cornfield, the white roots from the corn stand apart from the dark shade of the gas. The craftsmanship components appeared in â€Å"Black Pillow† are that it has a warm vibe to it since warm hues are utilized; it nearly causes you to feel like you are there outside in the hot field and fuel. It is approximately scattered since there is no shading out of sight that tops it off a g reat deal with the exception of some yellow lines and spots. It unquestionably has striking hues to it and has no greyscale in it.The yellow has a noteworthy complexity from the foundation and the dark too. The line of the corn leaves looks extremely alive and regular while the roots in the fuel are solid, harsh and dead looking. This canvas shows how people and industrialization are hurting the corn crops by the fuel, since gas comprises of 10% ethanol which originates from cornfields. The shading yellow in the outskirt of this craftsmanship represents spoiling, warmth, rot and passing. Which fits in well with this subject since the reckless rancher is siphoning gas everywhere throughout the underlying foundations of the cornfield.The fuel which speaks to the shading dark methods the chilliness, pessimism and fiendishness that is pouring and assuming control over the corn which the shading yellow can likewise represent euphoria, satisfaction, and good faith. The white foundation of the corn represents how the honesty is being assaulted by the gasoline’s chilliness and underhandedness. The fuel in the pad of the dirt is the place it gets its name â€Å"Black Pillow†. By and by, I trust Frank Moore communicated as the need should arise in this work of art. He is depicting the rot of cornfields due to the expansion in oil industry.The shading imagery is common in light of the fact that the oil is the shrewd that is attacking the cornfields to assist more assets. It shows the advancement of where the oil originates from and how it isn't utilized appropriately and is squandered on an ordinary premise which causes contamination. Straightforward Moore’s point for this craftsmanship is to show how disgraceful people are today and that we are so brutal to our reality enervating its common magnificence for our own narrow minded purposes. This subject is basic to our general public today since fuel is in levels of popularity and our world’s c ontamination is deteriorating by every day.

Five Fun Philosophy Books

Five Fun Philosophy Books Many readers think fun philosophy books dont exist. Sure, some are so technical they require a lot of background knowledge, and others are written so poorly that even sympathetic readers give up. But there are great philosophers who are also great writers. They write engagingly, they don’t confuse or bore the reader with impenetrable prose, and their words invite questions and even incite wonder. Here are a few of my favorites. The Gay Science  by Friedrich Nietzsche (Kaufmann or Nauckhoff translation) You didn’t think I’d lead off with a nineteenth century German philosopher did you? But The Gay Science really is gay, in the sense of free-spirited and joyous. It’s got aphorisms, epigrams, songs, poemsand the controversial claim that “God is dead.” Read Nietzsche’s “most personal” work for his thoughts on morality, the will to truth, and the courage to really live a life: What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything unutterably small or great in your life will have to return to you, all in the same succession and sequenceâ€"even this spider and this moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. The eternal hourglass of existence is turned upside down again and again, and you with it, speck of dust! Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or have you once experienced a tremendous moment when you would have answered him: You are a god and never have I heard anything more divine.  Existentialism and Human Emotions  by Jean-Paul Sartre On to twentieth century France. Sartre’s summary and defense of existentialism, based on a lecture he gave in 1945. What does it mean to exist as a being who can actually think about my own existence? What does it mean to be “radically free”? Sartre asks the kind of questions anyone might have about life, and his answers are often surprising: … man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world â€" and defines himself afterwards. If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself. The Sovereignty of Good  by Iris Murdoch Like Sartre, Murdoch, an Ireland-born British philosopher, writes about freedom- but unlike the existentialists, she focuses on the imaginative attention we need to make truly free decisions. As she says, “I can only choose within the world I can see.” Today’s readers might not like her idea that there is such a thing as “the Good” which provides an objective morality, but so many of her observations in these three essays are fascinating even if you’re not committed to her big picture. Like this one: …great art teaches us how real things can be looked at and loved without being seized and used, without being appropriated into the greedy organism of the self. The exercise of detachment is difficult and valuable whether the thing contemplated is a human being or the root of a tree or the vibration of a colour or a sound. Unsentimental contemplation of nature exhibits the same quality of detachment: selfish concerns vanish, nothing exists except the things which are seen. Beauty is that which attracts this particular sort of unselfish attention. Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life  by Sissela Bok Here’s a modern paradox: we all condemn lies, yet we all lie. What is a lie, anyway? Why do we lie? And at what cost or benefit  to ourselves and others? These are Bok’s questions in this very insightful book of applied moral philosophy. She brings in other philosophers ideas and approaches from psychology and political science. “The moral question of whether you are lying or not is not settled by establishing the truth of falsity of what you say. In order to settle this question we must know whether you intend your statement to mislead.” The Ethics of Identity  by Kwame Anthony Appiah This is such a open, inviting book which yet vigorously defends some controversial ideas. If you’re interested in human dignity, in autonomy, in tolerance, in authenticity, in the value of making our own lives while acknowledging our rootedness in culture and identity, this is the book for you. When my father died, my sister and I found a hand-written draft of the final message he had meant to leave us. It began by reminding us of the history of our two families, his in Ghana and our mother’s in England, which he took to be a summary account of who we were. But then he wrote, Remember that you are citizens of the world. He told us that wherever we chose to live and as citizens of the world, we could surely choose to live anywhere that would have us we should endeavor to leave that place better than you found it. Deep inside of me, he went on, is a great love for mankind and an abiding desire to see mankind, under God, fulfill its highest destiny.” It’s no coincidence that three of authors of these fun philosophy books are novelists, a fourth is a memoirist, and a fifth was a composer and a scholar of poetry. They don’t confine themselves to philosophical prose but make use of whatever tools they need from a wide variety of sources. In her response to a critic who called her book a mere “travelogue” (as opposed to “real philosophy”), Bok, quoting  another writer, said that Rainbows, rockets, slivers of mirror, and arrows are important for a good text. I mean by that connections between different times, places, consciousnesses, and aims that point both backwards and forwards. I can accept some confusion and difficult passages  in exchange for “rainbows, rockets, slivers of mirror and arrows.” In fact, I think thats a pretty good deal. ____________________ Like chattin up other readers and keeping track of your books on Goodreads? So do we! Come give us a follow. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Nursing Standard Principl - 1326 Words

If you would like to contribute to the art and science section contact: Gwen Clarke, art and science editor, Nursing Standard, The Heights, 59-65 Lowlands Road, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex HA1 3AW. email: gwen.clarke@rcnpublishing.co.uk Accountability and responsibility: Principle of Nursing Practice B Scrivener R et al (2011) Accountability and responsibility: Principle of Nursing Practice B. Nursing Standard. 25, 29, 35-36. Date of acceptance: January 20 2011. Summary This is the third article in a nine-part series describing the Principles of Nursing Practice developed by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in collaboration with patient and service organisations, the Department of Health, the Nursing and Midwifery Council, nurses and†¦show more content†¦However, practitioners have reported that they associate accountability with retrospective justification of actions, particularly ‘as a way of apportioning or accepting blame’ (Savage and Moore 2004). This association with a blame mentality is damaging and leads to a negative interpretation of accountability and its application in protecting patients and supporting staff. One definition of accountability is offered by Caulfield (2005): ‘A wider view of accountability is that it is an inherent confidence as a professional that allows a nurse to take pride in being transparent about the way he or she has carried out their practice.’ This definition captures the positive dimension of accountability and places the emphasis on the development and demonstration of competence in practice. It applies equally to any member of the nursing team. Measuring accountability It is vital that each member of the nursing team can demonstrate accountability. This may be achieved in a variety of ways. For example, it is important that staff can show evidence of competence. Job descriptions should state the range of duties related to the role. This ensures that there is clarity about roles in a nursing team. Ongoing professional development is key to all staff development. Registered and non-registered staff benefit from the availability ofShow MoreRelatedQuality Improvement Initiatives And Performance Management Systems980 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare provider’s responsibility of their work to being held accountable for their work, as well as the emphasis on a team atmosphere to improve accountability. Responsibility and accountability, while meaning different things, together are important in advancing the quality of healthcare. In this paper, I will clarify the reasoning for an emphasis on accountability and also explain how responsibility and most importantly accountability are essential to nursing practice to improve quality healthRead MoreThe Role Of The Nmc And The Code Of Practice919 Words   |  4 Pagesexplain the role Nursing and Midwifery Council plays in safeguarding the public and maintaining standard care within the UK. Establishing and maintaining standard rules and regulation and legislations which are there to safeguard people. In order to do that, the author will discuss how the MNC seeks to safeguarding the patients specifically restricting discussing on mental health by regulating mental health nursing. 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King Alexander Lll King Of The Western World - 1168 Words

1 Running Head: KING ALEXANDER lll King Alexander lll of Macedon: King of the Western World William Crook Lincoln Charter School October 20, 2014 Mr Thomas Honors World History King Alexander lll 2 King Alexander lll of Macedon was the best leader during his time, and he soon became the king of all western civilization, before he was 30 years old. Alexander accomplished greater things than not only of the kings who had lived before him, but also of those who came after him. Alexander lll of Macedon was born in Pella, Macedonia in 356 B.C. He spent his childhood years watching and learning how his father transformed Macedonia into a great military power. Alexander’s dad was King Philip ll, ruler of Macedon, and his mother was Olympias, daughter of the king of Epirus. Olympias was the princess of her father’s country, Epirus. She was a wise woman who taught her son about the people before him, such as Hercules and Achilles. Ever since he was a little boy, his father conditioned him for conquest and power, so that he will be a strong king. Alexander then became focused on following his father’s footsteps, which he later does in his life. As a young boy Alexander was brave and fearless. At the age of 12 Alexander found a horse that could not be tamed, the steeds name was Bucephalus. Alexander was taught by Aeropostale for most of his teenage years. He was taught by Aristotle at the Mieza Temple. Alexander supposedly had a strong athletic build. He wasShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Importance Of Charlemagnes Imperial Coronation?1735 Words   |  7 Pagestremendous impact on Western Europe during the early middle ages. Charles the Great enquired many tittles while alive such as King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holly Roman Emperor from 800 (Latowsky, 2013). People have knowledge of Charles the Great because of these tittles but lack the details of why his legacy lives on. This essay will look at the importance of Charles the Great’s imperial coronation when becoming Emperor of Rome and the affects it had on Western Europe duringRead MoreMarketing Mix Revisited11165 Words   |  45 P agesAttempting a review of opinions about the Marketing Mix one can turn to exclusively academic quarters or alternatively look for views based on field experience. In each case it can be argued that the approach is one-sided, either not contemplating the real world or lacking theoretical foundations. The authors reviewed in this study were limited to academic opinions published in research papers and academic textbooks. - The fact that the - often normative - views expressed in textbooks were included in theRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagespower to make real, to realize, is common to both genres, imparting to the first an impression of familiarity which flatters the emotions and to the second an ability to uproot, which is so nourishing for the imagination. The fantastic creatures of King Kong were drawn, but the drawings were then filmed, and that is where, for us, the problem begins. In his article on the rhetoric of the image,3 Roland Barthes devotes some attention4 to the question, but only in connection with still photography:Read MoreHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words   |  615 Pagesthe probability of selecting B1 and R1? Five cards (ace, king, queen, jack and ten) are placed face down on a table. One card is selected at random and the result recorded. This card is not returned to the table. A second card is then selected at random. a Use a tree diagram to determine the number of elements in the sample space. b What is the probability of selecting an ace followed by a jack? c What is the probability of choosing one king? There are four candidates for the positions of principal

Opportunities and Challenges of Benchmarking Free Essays

string(30) " to the MTBF for the product\." The first question to be asked is what benchmarking can do for any organization. The process of benchmarking permits the entire organization to identify, share and use the knowledge that exists within the organization as also the best practices prevalent within the organization. The attempt is to concentrate on improving the situation of any business unit and not to just measure the best performances that have been achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunities and Challenges of Benchmarking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The method for this is to apply the use of best known methods of solving the problems that are facing the business. The results come from the utilization after determination of the problems and this can come only after a careful study of the problems. On determination it is expected that the best solutions will be implemented. (Defining Benchmarking) The result will come to the organization in the form of gaining important advantages for the organization in the form of advantages. These can be in any form or more than one form – strategic advantages, operational advantages, or direct financial gains. At the same time, it also is an indirect admission that some others are better at the function that we are involved in than ourselves. At the same time, we are being wise enough to understand our own shortcomings and are trying to improve our position so that we can improve and match them in performance. If all our efforts are in the direction of development, a stage may come when we would be in a position to perform better than them. (Defining Benchmarking) The process of benchmarking is not just calculating numbers, getting briefs about sites on which organizations are to be set up or traveling through the factories of other organizations, or even copying, spying or espionage. The process does not end here and it has to continue further throughout the entire life of the organization and as the organization improves to a better position, there has to be additional steps which have to be taken so that the organization can successfully step even further. When benchmarking is not performed and a major in any industry ignores the competition levels there are chances that it would tend to fall behind in its own development and leadership qualities. It is also not the same with regard to establishing benchmarks which involve the setting up of acceptable levels of standards, so that the product or service can move forward to the next immediate step and not be rejected automatically as a result of quality control. Benchmarks are defined in terms of how many units are to be produced in one unit of time, how quickly the product line can transfer itself into manufacturing another product, how high the production levels can be from one shift, or what the minimum levels of production are which are being acceptable. The similarity of benchmarking and benchmarks is in that benchmarking tries to find out and understand the direct reasons for the production to be high in certain relevant situations and not be so high in other situations/conditions. Once the reasons are being determined then the same methods can be expanded for use in other parts of the complete production process so that the total production level can be at higher levels and correspondingly the profits of the organization as well. This is the real benefit that can be obtained from the practice of benchmarking. (Defining Benchmarking) Looking at the acts of benchmarking in benefiting the organization, one can see some direct benefits. It prevents reinventing the wheel and what is meant by that is that since the process or machinery or item has already been invented, anybody else trying to reinvent the same is only wasting money. The second method in which it provides benefits is through using tested and proven practices that have already been used successfully by others, it convinces people who do not take kindly to fresh ideas by demonstrating to them that it works, and it forces the organization to move at a rapid pace as it knows that competitors are already using the method. The third advantage is that it leads to development of some ideas that were not being used earlier and these are innovative ways to improve methods and in many cases they have come from outside the industry. The use of benchmarking also forces organizations to check on the present process and many times these may lead to direct improvements in terms of quality or quantity directly. The last use of benchmarking is also advantageous in making changes more likely as the process involves the direct participation by the owners. Today is the age of competition and it is very difficult to say which manufacturer is the best, and at the same time, this is an age when every manufacturer can claim that they are the best based on scientific studies of their machines. Let us view it in a simpler context and try to determine which team is the best in baseball, and may be you have a reason for determining this – you may love the game, you may be laying a bet on the results of the current season, or just curiosity. It is known that New York Yankees have won the World Series Championships seven consecutive times. In the opinion of quite a few of the fans, that would make them the best team. Thus one of the first points in benchmarking is deciding on the benchmark, and then one has to decide as to how the performance can be measured against the benchmark. If the required standard is not known by the organization trying to be the best then it cannot possibly reach the target. (Who’s best? How good are they? How do we get that good? ) In certain cases they are measured by definitions like Mean Time between Failures or MTBF. This will help the customer also and make him ask the manufacturer as to the MTBF for the product. You read "Opportunities and Challenges of Benchmarking" in category "Essay examples" Then let us say that on one of the products of the client is 120 hours and on another product is 150 hours, then that will have to be mentioned to the customer. Then to be the best, the concerned organization has to find out or determine the method to get to the best possible benchmark. Now let us say that on investigation it is found out that for competitors, the MTBF is 10,000 hours. It is clear now as to which manufacturer will get the order. Thus often benchmarking is not a stand alone exercise, but a part of a Process Re-engineering or Quality Improvement Initiative. The requirement is not a management fad, but is a requirement to be able to compete in the market. Most of the initial work on benchmarking was done in manufacturing, and it is important that it is still done there, but benchmarking has now developed into a management tool that can be used anywhere. (Who’s best? How good are they? How do we get that good? ) One has to develop a system which permits the organization to produce material of a certain quality, as if that is not produced many incidences may occur which are of great importance to the organization but also to the nation. Let us take a few examples of this and one of them is the case of the disaster of the space shuttle Columbia, and another is the power outages in August 2003 in New York which was followed by power failures in United Kingdom and Italy. There are reasons for this and one reason which is often quoted is â€Å"failure of maintenance†. (An Introduction to the Maintenance Scorecard) At the same time, maintenance is also a part of benchmarking and it is not a benchmarking of the product, but of the service system in the organization. Thus the problem can be manifest in many different ways in the field. There were four charges of manslaughter placed on individuals who were in charge of maintaining or managing railways in United Kingdom at the time of the Hatfield Train Disaster. The charges against these people were dropped only in August 2004. Among the people who were charged was the previous Chief Executive Officer of the company who owned all the assets indirectly. Another case is the legislation in Canada which imposes criminal liability on businesses and individuals when workplace accidents take place. In short it is becoming very important that proper maintenance is done and for that purpose, benchmarking is essential for the assets. (An Introduction to the Maintenance Scorecard) Desired future state and goals against which to evaluate alternatives It is clear that benchmarking is an activity of the individual organization undertaken with a purpose of developing the organization and giving it benefits or advantages over competition. The details for such studies are obviously not available, and we got information only from an instance when the exercise was done at the initiative of the Surface Mining Association for Research and Technology. They commissioned a research project the main purpose of which was to enable comparison of equipment performance in the mining industry, and this was due to collaborative relationships between the mining industries to gain competitive advantages at a global level. There was not much collaboration between the different units of the industry and as a start the attempt was made to establish some common definitions for availability and utilization. The entire exercise was conducted over some twenty five mining operations based in Canada and United States. (Standardization of Definitions for benchmarking) After developing the common definitions the next stage was to collect the response from different members of the industry and put them in a position where the responses could be classified. In terms of operations there were some typical events that were encountered as all the units were involved in the operation of a mine. These also had to be identified and included in the entire exercise for study. At the end of the study it was found that among the entire group the formulas and definitions for availabilities and utilizations of different parameters were similar, yet there were differences in the meanings of the formulas that were used by different units. There are also differences in classification of different events in terms of their importance. The two differences combined in the final report to show differences in the operating characteristics of different mines, and the events that we are referring are fairly common in the operations of mines. Thus it was possible to find out some common definitions for the mines in terms of operating parameters, yet all comparisons between them are meaningless. For any comparisons to be made, it is important that the discrepancies which are clearly seen to be happening due to their differences in meanings first being turned into some common time categories. In practice it was not possible to get the different mines to change their formulas or collection practice for data as these systems had been well established over many years, it was seen that it was important to develop a parallel system which could collect similar data from the existing data collection system. This of course could be done only in organizations which wished to continue in the entire exercise of benchmarking all these units and getting to some results. (Standardization of Definitions for benchmarking) This led essentially to the establishment of a central database. This is where all the units participating in the study would be able to reach the data that they wanted or needed. They would also be able to compare their own formula and definitions with the new data that was collected. This would permit them to comparisons with the earlier data that they had, or even the standardized benchmarking formula that they were using. This was the first method of industry wide comparisons. Once these were developed they would be the benchmarking definitions for the industry and thus the first step to development of industry-wise standards for required operating measures. Most of the mines understood that this was required, but very few wanted to proceed on these lines, and all their actions are concentrated to their own mines. There does not seem to be much collaboration in the industry and most organizations are doing the same thing over and over again. There is a certain amount of interest in sharing of maintenance information there is scope for a study in which the maintenance practices can be compared as also the development of performance standards in the area of maintenance. This would be of great use to the mining industry. Standardization of Definitions for benchmarking) Identify two to four potential solutions Here again the solution are different for every application of benchmarking and the solutions will depend also on the problems for which the solution is being sought, the nature of the industry, state of development, projected future growth, etc. Since we have started with the mining industry, let us continue with the same industry. One point that has to be remembered is that this industry has continued to remain behind other industries in the application of benchmarking. The reasons for the shortcomings have already been discussed to some extent – a reluctance to share information as they feel it violates confidentiality and privacy concerns with a special sensitivity to cost data; available resources within the different units to spend time on the required initiatives for benchmarking; a specific lack of commitment and support for the benchmarking exercise at all levels of the organization; and the lack of consistent and relevant indicators for performance. The problems of these organizations has to be solved by meeting the difficulties in all these respect and this makes the first solution as to stop comparisons till the operating events are clearly classified. Till this issue is resolved, there is very little value in suggesting common definitions for availability and utilization. The clear resolution thus also involves on consistent allocation of operating events as per agreed time classifications. (Standardization of Definitions for benchmarking) The second solution comes from the survey interviews and that stated clearly that there is a great interest in information sharing and comparison, and still none of the organizations showed that they would be willing to accept new definitions for their operating parameters or accept new standards for the allocation of operating events so that they could get information in exchange. At the same time, there is strong interest in the exchange of data. There is a solution to this apparently conflicting position and this can be done only through information sharing taking place in a manner that existing operating data collection and reporting systems at individual units proceed on their operations unaffected, but the data that had been collected earlier are not touched through any mode. The solution comes from utilizing data storage and manipulation with a capability of existing data collection systems being utilized for this purpose. This will take care of the constraints. The third solution is from the general interest in sharing of maintenance information between different units. This arises as most of the units understand the importance of improving maintenance management systems and processes. In general it can be said that development of maintenance performance management has not developed as fast as the other production systems in mines. This area requires collaboration, but much of that has not been coming. Thus it is clear that most organizations are just concentrating on doing the same job under different names. The solution would be to implement a study comparing management practices and development of performance standards for maintenance. This would be found to be useful by the entire industry in that area. The fourth point is that once the data collection is built up, then it may be applied to other areas of the entire system so that those areas could also benefit. Some of those areas are the large tire user group that requires data common to the entire exercise; OEM availability guarantee reporting and lost control system benchmarking. It could also be seen that the structure which would be established for such initiatives could become the basis for a framework that could be used by the group for purchasing. Standardization of Definitions for benchmarking) Let us now go to another area of benchmarking that we have used earlier and this is with reference to asset management. This has been important throughout history, and yet poses a special economic challenge during the 21st century. The reason for the challenge is from our efforts to release economic value from our investments in asset investment as much as is possible and the main cause for that is the extreme competitive nature of industry and business now. The challenge has led to our tackling the issue of benchmarking asset investment in three different areas and these are through minimizing life cycle costs of asset ownership, minimizing direct costs that are related to asset management and minimization of costs associated with new asset purchase and renewal of assets. Here the question of asset renewals means the overhauls and renovations that are carried out to the assets. All our benchmarking efforts are now directed to this area so tat any new effort should give benefits in these terms. The question is whether that is enough? An introduction to the Maintenance Scorecard) Apart from this there has been a very rapid change in the use of technology and this has forced many professionals from other areas rapidly into the functional areas of management of assets. The new managers are making, managing or even otherwise deciding on assets. Do they have the capability? They have no experience or any depth of knowledge or experience in the area that they are now managing. In terms of areas, these may be system selection, implementation and regular day to day management. This is leading to decisions being taken many times on issues which are not connected to management and the decisions may not concern the assets themselves or the asset managers. These sorts of incidents are happening throughout the world. The issue of maintenance was earlier seen as a secondary rollout of a large scale system originally decided for financial or supply chain reasons, and the decision was taken whether the solution was the best for asset management or not. Another important change has been the shifting of maintenance function to outsourcing and this is also likely to affect the function. This is a change that has been predicted many times by management consultants and also recommended by them as a method of reducing direct costs, improving the level of contact with specialized skills and of avoiding the complications that exist in finding and controlling a skilled workforce. This is very useful when the total production function is being outsourced. This has also led to many changes in employment patterns throughout the world. Many technical and repetitive roles like software development, call center management and some engineering functions are being shifted away to the third world from the first world. In those countries the salary levels with the similar competencies as those in the 1st world are much lower. (An Introduction to the Maintenance Scorecard) Now that we have talked a lot about the advantages of benchmarking, let us also take a look at the other side. These refer to the times that existed before benchmarking came to be called benchmarking, and it was viewed as just application of common sense. It is always true that the best method of learning how to do a job is to see how others do the work and then trying to do it. It is said that the great Henry ford went through the operations of production methods in a Chicago slaughterhouse before deciding how to set up his own production line for which he is rightly renowned. At the time, and probably for many decades since that time, it was called a good idea – till in the 1980s, this process of learning was given the name of benchmarking. It is true that benchmarking can provide very good improvements of the product and deserved returns based on efficiency, cost savings and new revenues. The process also is able to reduce cycle times, productivity, customer service, quality and production costs. This can make them a part of an effort of the company to change the culture of the organization to a more customer oriented and results focused. Yet many companies make a mistake in letting this excellent process of benchmarking to become an end in itself. This is quite common in corporate settings which have already established full fledged benchmarking teams. (Benchmarking: The trend line) The organization ends up loosing sight of the objectives and start on benchmarking as an objective in itself. This can be seen in the case of Florida Power and Light Co. This received the Deming Prize in 1989 as it had performed excellently in benchmarking. In the same year, the company was put under the charge of a new CEO and he dismantled large sections of the company as those sections were mainly based on benchmarking and less on functions of the company. Alan Weiss, president of Summit Consulting Inc said â€Å"He found the company was more committed to winning awards than serving the customer†. (Benchmarking: The trend line) This is a loss in focus that can happen if benchmarking is made a part of the jobs of line managers and they have other responsibilities. They are more inclined to take up practical applications for their talents. (Benchmarking: The trend line) Let us take a case of a computer based service organization. The organization is trying to speed up the service of its computers when they fail as the computers are the main machines which help them keep their business in running condition. The question is that there are many parts inside a computer and every time it was repaired, there used to be a serviceman who would come and replace the part. Of course the bill for the part would be received and the amount paid. The organization decided to go through an exercise of benchmarking so that the cost of repairs can be reduced. The decision was to introduce the system of codes so that it would be known which part was failing. These codes are numbers which are cross referenced to a complete list of code descriptions. The codes may also be a series of alphanumeric descriptions. Now since computers are fairly commonplace the full descriptions of the failed parts are now being stored. (Failure codes) The storage of the complete list was in the computerized management system. The required parts are input by the person who was reporting the failure and if it was not known to him then it had to be input by the technician when he repaired the equipment. The main use of these codes is in providing statistics about machine failures. Thus one can know the reasons for machine failures and take corrective actions. (Failure codes) The risks of using such a procedure is very low as the computers also have self assessment procedures and that can often tell the region of failure. This information is unlikely to be wrong. For the technician when he comes in to repair, he has to change the required part for the machine to start running again, and thus he is also unlikely to be wrong. The risks with finding out the part number are thus very low and can be safely viewed to be accurate. The objectives of determining the part numbers are also very simple as each part stops certain functions that the machine is supposed to do. This slows down operating procedures and once the reasons for delays are known, action may be taken to speed up the entire process. Once the operations are speeded up, the organization is expected to earn more revenues. The total impact can only be assessed after the full analysis is made. This sort of a system is also used in certain organizations where computerized systems are used to deliver items at fixed schedules like newspapers, milk processing machines, etc. Present the recommended solution and the rationale behind the recommendation We are now in a period of history where we have to totally depend on machines for all our functions and most industrial tasks. At the same time, repairs and other tasks are becoming increasingly complicated as no extra persons are available. Computerized machinery is very good as long as they run, but when they fail, they fail completely and no action can be taken till they are repaired. Thus getting the machine repaired is very important. The technicians come quickly, but often they do not have the needed parts and when that happens, the machine will continue to remain out of order fro quite a few days, and that is what is sought to be avoided through this exercise. The objective is not to increase profits directly, but make the operations more dependable. The new machinery has been responsible for dramatic increases in productivity levels, but it has also led to high direct costs for asset management over the last few years. (An Introduction to the Maintenance Scorecard) The problem with determination of reliability in most cases is that some factors may be brought up by theory and through strategic planning, but they do no translate into reality at the end of the day. In many cases, the results that are achieved cannot justify the investments that are made to achieve them. There are many areas which hurt the realization of benefits. Here the change in process is just the recording of a part number and that should not take much time when compared to the total time lost in terms of production. We are talking about the requirement to note down the part numbers when the machine fails. Identify the expected impact and value The expected impact is in terms of costs is not much as has been explained earlier, but the impact in terms of value is expected to be high. The effect will be in terms of extra production capacity that should be available. The exact benefits can only be determined when the total picture is known. It is not useful to make advance calculations in such cases, as the present production is for the total usage of the company and no extra jobs can be taken up without meeting this requirement. Provide a summary of how you would approach implementing the recommended solution and measuring its effectiveness The implementation methods are very simple. Prepare a list of the parts that go wrong in the machines in different areas and hand them over to the operators. Every operator has to make a failure report and when that is submitted, the reason for failure that is given has to include the part number. Once the part numbers are made available in this way, then in the report itself they should be noted, and after a period of six months, a search program or a summary should be made of the reasons for failures. This is a totally internal exercise and we do not have to observe the other requirements now. APQC has now developed and wants adherence to the following code – â€Å"guide benchmarking efforts, advance the professionalism and effectiveness of benchmarking, and help protect the members from harm†. (Benchmarking Code of Conduct) According to this code will help the implementation of efficient, effective and ethical benchmarking. (Benchmarking Code of Conduct) The question is that ultimately the entire process is for internal development and to be done totally internally, so why are we all getting so excited about it? Make the changes that you have to after a cool consideration. How to cite Opportunities and Challenges of Benchmarking, Essay examples

Natural Semantic Metalanguage free essay sample

It can be defined as kinds of semantic analysis approach in finding the simplest meaning of a word. This approach states that there are many aspects influence language and they can not be separated in analyzing the simplest meaning of words. Those aspects are: 1. The difference of social communities 2. The systematical difference 3. The difference of culture 4. The different style of speaking and communication Natural Semantic Metalanguage Before we go further, we should understand the definition of the word â€Å"metalanguage† since it might be new for some of us.Metalanguage is the language that is used to present, name and describe terminological information, the language of a particular field name in an entry, e,g. synonym is the English name of the data field, that contains synonyms to main entry terms. To make it simpler, metalanguage is a language that can be used to describe languages. Then, we already know that semantic is the study of meaning in language. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Semantic Metalanguage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, semantic metalanguage is theory and a practical, meaning-based approach to linguistic analysis.The leading proponents of the theory are  Anna Wierzbicka  at the  Australian National University  who originated the theory in the early 1970s (Wierzbicka 1972), and  Cliff Goddard  at AustraliasUniversity of New England  (Goddard ; Wierzbicka 1994, 2002). It is called natural semantic metalanguage because it is derived entirely from natural language and because it can be understood via natural language without any additional arbitrary signs and conventions. To compare meanings, one has to be able to state them.To state the meaning of a word, an expression or a construction, we need a semantic metalanguage. Moreover, Natural Semantic Metalanguage ( NSM ) is important to compare meanings expressed in different language and different culture. Semantic Primitives Linguists of the NSM school rely on  semantic primitives  (or semantic primes) for analysis. Semantic primes  means the suggestion that we have as part of our inherited human faculties a basic set of innate concepts, or perhaps more precisely, a non-conscious propensity and eagerness to acquire those concepts and encode them in sound-forms (words).The words that those concepts become encoded in what is called  semantic primes, or alternatively, semantic primitives — semantic becauselinguists  have assigned that word in reference to the meaning of words (=linguistic symbols). Words that qualify as semantic primes need no definition in terms of other words. In that sense, they remain undefinable. We know their meaning without having to define them. They allow us to construct other words defined  by  them. List of Semantic Primes